women's movement since 1798, of which the book provided an overview.42 Van moeder op dochter (two editions in 1948) was revised, updated and republished in 1968 and 1977, and stillis the most'complete' overview of the women's movement in the Netherlands. Lacking the support of an active women's movement with a vivid and scholarly interest in the movement's past, the IAV in the decades of the 19 50s to 1970s employed only a qualified librarian, not a trained archivist. Archives were acquired on an ad-hoc basis, i.e., when the librarian 'ran into one' or when someone happened to offer an archive to the IAV, but there was no active acquisition policy. The archives that came in - generally from Dutch women's organizations and Dutch women who were or had been active in the women's movement - were simply stored away in bookcases; they were not processed or used for research. This quiet period in the IAV's history ended with the emergence of the second wave of the women's movement. The Second Feminist Wave and the Creation of a Professional Archival Department (Late 1960s-1991) In 1967 socialist feminist Joke Smit published 'Het onbehagen bij de vrouw', an article generally considered the beginning of the so-called Second Feminist Wave in the Netherlands.43 In 1968 Man Vrouw Maatschappij (MVM) was established, Dolle Mina in 1969. From that time onwards, but especially in the 1970s and 1980s, numerous feminist action groups, committees, and organizations came into being.44 Although this increase in women's activism did not mean that the material these groups created immediately or automatically came to the IAV, the quiet years in the history of the IAV were definitely over. Since its founding in 193 5, the IAV had shared space with the International Institute of Social History, occupying a few rooms of its own within the IISH. In 1981, however, the IAV moved to a bigger location, at Keizersgracht 10 in Amsterdam, which it shared with the Informatie en Documentatie Centrum voor de vrouwen beweging (IDC), the feminist journal LOVER, and the Stichting Vrouwen in de Beeldende Kunst (SVBK). The IAV experienced enormous growth during this period, both in terms of the number of visitors, the size of its collections, and the number of people working at the institute.45 Following a period of successful 'cohabitation' and increasing cooperation, the IAV, IDC and LOVER merged in 1988, forming the Internationaal Informatiecentrum en Archief voor de Vrouwenbeweging (IIAV). During this process of change and growth for the IAV, its archival department finally came into being as well. Since 1974, women's history groups had been forming at Dutch universities, and students came to the IAV looking for information and sources about women's history in the Netherlands.46 Historian Selma Leydesdorff used the archive of the National Exhibition of Women's Labor 1898 for her innovative MA thesis about women's cottage industry, which resulted in her book Verborgen arbeid vergeten arbeid: one of the first publications of the new women's history.47 The National Exhibition of Women's Labor in 1898 was a major event in the history of the Dutch women's movement. Its archive (1.4 meters) would be extensively used by researchers of women's history in the late 1970s and 1980s, and it was the first IAV archive to be officially and professionally inventoried. The archivist was Atie van der Horst, who had worked at the IAV for four hours a week since 1977, and the result was published in 1980.48 In 1982, the IAV decided to start actively acquiring archival material again, for the first time since the 1930s. This effort focused on the 'ego' or personal documents of ordinary or 'unknown' women, especially diaries and letters, in line with the emphasis in contemporary women's history to explore and write 'history-from- below' rather than focus on famous women.49 This approach also responded to the need in women's history for historical sources about women in the private sphere ARCHIEFVORMER EN PARTICULIER ARCHIEF The IAV in 1977, Herengracht 262, Amsterdam Source: Picture archive IAV no. 100007500; photographer unknown. 42 W.H. Posthumus-van der Goot (ed.), Van moeder op dochter. Het aandeel van de vrouw in een veranderende wereld (Leiden 1948); Francisca de Haan and Annette Mevis, 'Willemijn Posthumus-van der Goot', in: Biografisch Woordenboek van het Socialisme en de Arbeidersbeweging in Nederland 8 (Amsterdam 2000) 58-61. 43 Joke Kool-Smit, 'Het onbehagen bij de vrouw' De Gids 130: 9/10 (1967) 267-281; Irene Costera Meijer, Het persoonlijke wordt politiek. Feministische bewustwording in Nederland 1965-1980 (Amsterdam 1996); Vilan van de Loo, De vrouw beslist. De tweede feministische golf in Nederland (Wormer 2005). 44 There is no proper history of the Dutch Second Feminist Wave yet, either in a national frame or including its transnational dimensions. A popular beginning was made with Van de Loo, De vrouw beslist. 451AV/IIAV Annual Reports. 160 FRANCISCA DE HAAN AND ANNETTE MEVIS THE MAKING OF THE COLLECTION INTERNATIONAAL ARCHIEF VOOR DE VROUWENBEWEGING (iAV) 46 Francisca de Haan, 'Women's History Behind the Dykes: Reflections on the Situation in the Netherlands', in: Karen Offen, Ruth Roach Pierson and Jane Rendall (eds.), Writing Women's History. International Perspectives (London etc. 1991) 259-277. 47 Selma Leydesdorff, Verborgen arbeid vergeten arbeid. Een verkenning in de geschiedenis van de vrouwenarbeid rond negentienhonderd (Assen 1977). 48 Whereas earlier researchers mainly used the exhibition's archive to explore specific forms of women's labor, the exhibition itself and its archive took central stage in a book published on the occasion of its centenary in 1998 (Maria Grever and Berteke Waaldijk, Feministische Openbaarheid. De Nationale Tentoonstelling van Vrouwenarbeid in 1898 (Amsterdam 1998). Translation: Transforming the Public Sphere. The Dutch National Exhibition of Women's Labor in 1898 (Durham 2004). 49 Pioneering historians include Paul Thompson and Sheila Rowbotham; in 1976 the periodical History Workshop Journal was started. 161

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Jaarboeken Stichting Archiefpublicaties | 2012 | | pagina 82